FOURWARD EYETRACKER


This instrument, along with several major accessories, was under continuous development at SRI from 1965 to 1988. During that time the form of the basic instrument passed through five stages -denoted as generations I, II, III, IV, and V. Many Eyetracker systems, some arranged in monocular and some in binocular configurations, and including various combinations of accessories, were built at SRI for vision laboratories across the United States and for some abroad. In the fall of 1988 this technology was licensed to Fourward Technologies* , which has continued its development and marketing.

The dual-Purkinje-image (DPI) Eyetracker, manufactured by Fourward Optical Technologies, Inc., is a research instrument that determines the direction of gaze over a large, two dimensional visual field with great accuracy and without any attachments to the eye. It operates with infrared light which is invisible to the subject and does not interfere with normal vision. The Eyetracker has a pointing accuracy on the order of one minute of arc, and response time on the order of one millisecond. You can attach the Infrared Optometer to allow a continuous measure of eye focus -- producing a 3-D Eyetracker.

The DPI Eyetracker is the finest research instrument of its kind available today. It is compact, easy to use, fast and extremely accurate. At present Fourward offers two Eyetracker models. One is their top-of-the-line Generation 5.5 DPI Eyetracker, and the other is the DPI Eyetracker 1000 (slightly different specifications and a few less options than their 5.5 model). Fourward has installed these eyetrackers all over the world.

Following is a brief description of some of the Eyetracker Options available:

Infrared Optometer

The Optometer is a real-time +/- 10 diopter optometer that attaches to the Fourward Eyetracker and tracks changes in accommodation while the Eyetracker tracks in the x/y axes. The Optometer can be attached to an existing Eyetracker or be provided with new units. The optometer displays continuous accommodation changes on a front-panel meter and an additional analog output BNC. Calibration is provided by the end user.

Stimulus Deflector

The Stimulus Deflector, also called the Stabilizer, is an option that allows the horizontal and vertical rotational outputs of the Eyetracker to be fed back to a pair of x/y galvanometers that are in the optical path. With proper adjustment the "real world" fixation targets can be stabilized at the retina. There is also another option offered to the stabilizer that allows a focus stimulus in the "z" axis for a 3"D system. With the Stimulus Deflector you also have control over spherical correction (focus) and provision for the placement of trial lenses (astigmatic correction).

Scotoma Device

The Scotoma Device is an attachment to the stimulus deflector which allows a scotoma image of any shape to be stabilized on the retina, while the "real world" remains unstabilized. These "scotomas" are created on a glass plate that blocks a portion of the viewing area and simulates retinal pathologies.

Fundus Illumination and Measuring Instrument (FIMI)

The Fundus Illumination and Measuring Instrument (FIMI) option allows real-time binocular viewing of the retina by a white-light source, while a stabilized low-power He-Ne pilot laser beam is stabilized by the operator on the retina.


For more information about any of these products, link here to the web pages of Fourward Technologies, or contact:

*Warren Ward
(512) 392-7378 ||| (512) 392-7390 (fax) ||| wwward@fourward.com
Fourward Optical Tech., Inc.
104-B Hunter Ridge Road
San Marcos, TX 78666

A good summary of SRI's Eyetracker principles and design elements can be found in Chapter 2: "The Purkinje Image Eyetracker", by Hew Crane, one of the inventors of this instrument, in the book: "Visual Science and Engineering", edited by Don Kelly and published by Dekker in 1994.
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Eugenio Martinez-Uriegas


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