Publication Details

Gemini: A Natural Language System For Spoken-Language Understanding

by Dowding, John and Gawron, Jean Mark and Appelt, Doug and Bear, John and Cherny, Lynn and Moore, Robert and Moran, Douglas

Technical Note 527
Institution: AI Center, SRI International
Address: 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025
Apr 1993.

Note: Presented at the 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 22-26 June 1993, Columbus, OH

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Gemini is a natural language understanding system developed for spoken language applications. The paper describes the architecture of Gemini, paying particular attention to resolving the tension between robustness and overgeneration. Gemini features a broad-coverage unification-based grammar of English, fully interleaved syntactic and semantic processing in an all-paths, bottom-up parser, and an utterance-level parser to find interpretations of sentences that might not be analyzable as complete sentences. Gemini also includes novel components for recognizing and correcting grammatical disfluencies, and for doing parse preferences. This paper presents a component-by-component view of Gemini, providing detailed relevant measurements of size, efficiency, and performance.