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The telephone-based ATIS system developed at SRI International is composed of the DECIPHER speech recognition system, Gemini natural language understanding system, and Entropic's TrueTalk text-to-speech system. DECIPHER's acoustic models were trained on data collected over the telephone, and the system was configured to run in real time. Gemini was augmented to generate responses appropriate for reading over the telephone. The response generation process has two goals: paraphrase and dialogue control. The paraphrase component converts the logical form representation of the speaker utterance to a sentence that provides confirmation to the speaker that their utterance was correctly understood, while the dialogue control component decides if a follow-up question is appropriate and, if so, which question is most appropriate.
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